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中英文对照 计算机专业时文选读(四九九) 易水易水 |
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A Primer of Wireless LANs Wireless LANs are a blend of networki ng and telecommunications.Thefollowing is a simple tutorial onwireless communi cations and strategies for networking. WHAT’S THE RIGHT FREQUENCY?Wireless v endors use several radio frequencies fo r sending and receivingdata.The reasons for using a particular frequency inclu de licensing,interference,and range. The frequency currently used bymost r adio-based wireless LAN products is in the 902-to 928-MHz range.This frequency range is relatively good at passing ar ound and through walls and floors.You a lso do not need an FCC license to use t hisband,which makes it a favorite fora number of wireless devices ,suchas secu rity gates,cordless telephones.Unfortun ately,any of these devices could interf ere with your wireless LAN.You can also run into possible interference from el ectricmotors,photocopiers,microwave ove ns,and even another vendor’s wireless L AN product. Picking a licensed frequency canreduc e the problem of interference. But there is also the inconvenience o f an FCC license,especially if you are moving the wireless LANaround a lot.Eac h time you move it,you will probably ha ve to notifyeither the vendor or the FC C. Some vendors are taking the middle ro ad and moving into the 2.4GHzband.This band is also unlicensedby the FCC and i s generally unlicensed internationally. PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKS,SERVERS,AND AC CESS POINTS.LANs generally are either p eer to peer or dedicatedserver.Most wir eless hardwre supports both.With a peer -to-peer network operating system,such as Windows for Workgroups or LANtastic, twowireless workstations can pass data directly from one machine to another. The majority of networks are connecte d to dedicated servers,however,and to b uild this type of LAN with wireless,you need to install awireless adapter card in the server.In NetWare networks,this serverc an also act as the bridge betweenwired and wireless LANs.Although relatively e asy to set up,using theserver as a brid ge has one big flaw:Locked up in closet s,servers arealmost always in a bad loc ation for wireless communication. Access points are the best solution f or connecting wireless and wired networ ks.In most cases,an access point is sim ply a small box that has both standard Ethernet connections(10Base-T,Thinnet,o r AUI)andwireless transceivers.Lacking a monitor or keyboard,the box is relati vely secure,which means you can install it anywhere along the network cable th at allows good wirelesscommunication. Access points have another advantage: They extend the range of yourwireless n etwork by acting as datarepeaters. SECURITY.Security is one aspectof wir eless technology that couldgive network administrators sleepless nights. Most wireless LAN vendors usingspread spectrum are adopting frequency hoppin g as a way to reduce interference and a dd security.With frequency hopping,piec es of the data are sent on different fr equencies.The wireless adapter hops fro m one frequence to another in randomord er,and the exact sequence of each hop i s known only to compatibleadapters.Anyo ne who tunes in to one frequency will o nly get fragments of information. 无线局域网入门 无线局域是指联网与电信相结合。下面所述是无线通信与联网策略的简单教程。 何谓合用的频率?无线通信供应商们的设备可使用多个无线电频率发送和接收数据。 选用某一特定频率的理由包括许可证、干扰和距离诸方面的考虑。 目前多数基于无线电的无线局域网产品使用的频率为902至908兆赫。这个频段 对穿过或绕过墙壁和地板相对较好。使用这个频段也不需要(美国)联邦通信委员会(F CC)的许可证,这使它成为一些无线装置(如安全门、无绳电话等)喜欢用的频段。不 幸的是,这些装置中的任何一种都可能干扰你的无线局域网,你还可能受到电机、复印机 、微波炉,甚至另一家公司的无线局域网产品的干扰。 选用一种经许可的频率可以减少干扰问题。但使用FCC许可证也有不便之处,尤其 是无线局域网经常要移来移去。每次移动时,你都可能必须通知供应商或FCC。 有些公司正选择走中间道路,转向用2.4千兆赫频段。此频段也不需要FCC的许 可,一般在国际上也不需许可。 对等网、服务器和入口点 局域网一般不是对等联网就是专用服务器。多数无线局域 网硬件同时支持这两种方式。用对等网络操作系统。如Windows for Wor kgroups或者LANtastic,两台无线工作站能直接把数据从一台机器送到 另一台机器。 然而,大多数网络是与专用服务器连接在一起的,而建立这类无线局域网需要在服务 器中安装无线适配器卡。在NetWare网中,此服务器也可起有线网与无线网之间网 桥的作用。虽然相对来说建立较容易,但用服务器作网桥有一大缺陷:对无线通信来说, 由于它是锁在密室内,服务器几乎总是处在一个恶劣不利的地点。 入口点是连接无线网与有线网的最佳解决办法。在多数情况下,入口点仅是一个小盒 子,装有标准的以太网连接口(如10Base-T、Thinnet或AUI)和无线 收发器。由于没有监视器或键盘,此盒较为安全可靠,这就意味着可以沿网络电缆装到任 何一个可进行良好无线通信的地方。 入口点还有另一个好处:它们通过起数据中继器作用而扩大了无线网的范围。 安全性 安全性是可能使网络管理员夜不成眠的无线技术的一个问题。 采用扩频技术的多数无线局域网供应商,正用跳频的方法来减少干扰和增强安全性。 利用跳频,数据的不同部分用不同的频率送出。无线适配器以随机的顺序从一个频率跳到 另一频率。每次跳频的准确序列只有相容的适配器才知道。调到一个频率上的任何人将只 能收到一小部分信息。 (计算机世界报 1994年 第27期) |
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